potassium chloride
Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits.[7] KCl is used as a fertilizer,[8] in medicine, in scientific applications, domestic water softeners (as a substitute for sodium chloride salt), and in food processing, where it may be known as E number additive E508.
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Product Info
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| Names | |
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.374 |
| E number | E508 (acidity regulators, …) |
| KEGG | |
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PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| KCl | |
| Molar mass | 74.555 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | white crystalline solid |
| Odor | odorless |
| Density | 1.984 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 770 °C (1,420 °F; 1,040 K) |
| Boiling point | 1,420 °C (2,590 °F; 1,690 K) |
| 27.77 g/100mL (0 °C) 33.97 g/100mL (20 °C) 54.02 g/100mL (100 °C) |
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| Solubility | Soluble in glycerol, alkalies Slightly soluble in alcohol Insoluble in ether[1] |
| Solubility in ethanol | 0.288 g/L (25 °C)[2] |
| Acidity (pKa) | ~7 |
| −39.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.4902 (589 nm) |
| Structure | |
| face centered cubic | |
| Fm3m, No. 225 | |
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a = 629.2 pm[3]
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| Octahedral (K+) Octahedral (Cl−) |
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| Thermochemistry | |
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Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
83 J·mol−1·K−1[4] |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−436 kJ·mol−1[4] |
| Pharmacology | |
| A12BA01 (WHO) B05XA01 (WHO) | |
| Oral, IV, IM | |
| Pharmacokinetics: | |
| Kidney: 90%; Fecal: 10%[5] | |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LD50 (median dose)
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2600 mg/kg (oral, rat)[6] |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 1450 |
| Related compounds | |
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Other anions
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Potassium fluoride Potassium bromide Potassium iodide |
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Other cations
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Lithium chloride Sodium chloride Rubidium chloride Caesium chloride Ammonium chloride |
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Related compounds
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Potassium hypochlorite Potassium chlorite Potassium chlorate Potassium perchlorate |
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