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Methanol

Methanol (also called methyl alcohol and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.[17] Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.[18]

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Methanol
Space filling model of methanol
Ball and stick model of methanol
A sample of methanol
Names
Preferred IUPAC name

Methanol[1]
Other names

Carbinol
Columbian spirits
Hydroxymethane
MeOH
Methyl alcohol
Methyl hydrate
Methyl hydroxide
Methylic alcohol
Methylol
Methylene hydrate, primary alcohol
Pyroligneous spirit
Wood alcohol
Wood naphtha
Wood spirit
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1098229
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.599 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 200-659-6
449
KEGG
MeSH Methanol
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • PC1400000
UNII
UN number 1230

Properties
CH3OH
Molar mass 32.042 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Faint and similar to ethanol
Density 0.792 g/cm3[2]
Melting point −97.6 °C (−143.7 °F; 175.6 K)
Boiling point 64.7 °C (148.5 °F; 337.8 K)
miscible
log P −0.69
Vapor pressure 13.02 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 15.5[3]
Conjugate acid Methyloxonium[4]
Conjugate base Methanolate[5]
−21.40·10−6 cm3/mol
1.33141[6]
Viscosity 0.545 mPa·s (at 25 °C)[7]
1.69 D
Thermochemistry
725.7 kJ/mol, 173.4 kcal/mol, 5.77 kcal/g
Hazards[12][13]
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Methanol and its vapours are flammable.Moderately toxic for small animals – Highly toxic to large animals and humans (in high concentrations) – May be fatal/lethal or cause blindness and damage to the liverkidneys, and heart if swallowed – Toxicity effects from repeated over exposure have an accumulative effect on the central nervous system, especially the optic nerve – Symptoms may be delayed, become severe after 12 to 18 hours, and linger for several days after exposure[9]
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazard[8]
Danger[8]
H225H301H302H305H311H331H370[8]
P210P233P235P240P241P242P243P260P264P270P271P280P301+P330+P331P302+P352P303+P361+P353P304+P340P305+P351+P338P307+P311P310P311P312P337+P313P361P363P370+P378P403+P233P405P501[8]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flash point 11 to 12 °C (52 to 54 °F; 284 to 285 K)
470 °C (878 °F; 743 K)[15]
385 °C (725 °F; 658 K)[16]
Explosive limits 6–36%[10]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
5628 mg/kg (rat, oral)
7300 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
12880 mg/kg (rat, oral)
14200 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[11]
64,000 ppm (rat, 4 h)[11]
33,082 ppm (cat, 6 h)
37,594 ppm (mouse, 2 h)[11]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3)[10]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 200 ppm (260 mg/m3) ST 250 ppm (325 mg/m3) [skin][10]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
6000 ppm[10]
Safety data sheet (SDS) [1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
Methanethiol
Silanol
Ethanol

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