Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4NO3. It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, but does not form hydrates. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer.
Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction. It is the major constituent of ANFO, an industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America; similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices.
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Product Info
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Ammonium nitrate
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.026.680 |
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PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 0222 – with > 0.2% combustible substances 1942 – with ≤ 0.2% combustible substances 2067 – fertilizers 2426 – liquid |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| NH4NO3 | |
| Molar mass | 80.043 g/mol |
| Appearance | white crystalline solid |
| Density | 1.725 g/cm3 (20 °C) |
| Melting point | 169.6 °C (337.3 °F; 442.8 K) |
| Boiling point | approx. 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) decomposes |
| Endothermic 118 g/100 ml (0 °C) 150 g/100 ml (10 °C) 192 g/100 ml (20 °C) 297 g/100 ml (40 °C) 410 g/100 ml (60 °C) 576 g/100 ml (80 °C) 1024 g/100 ml (100 °C)[1] |
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| −33.6×10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Structure | |
| orthorhombic[2] | |
| Explosive data | |
| Shock sensitivity | very low |
| Friction sensitivity | very low |
| Detonation velocity | 2500 m/s |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
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Main hazards
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Explosive, Oxidizer |
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| Danger | |
| H201, H271, H319 | |
| P220, P221, P264, P271, P280, P372 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LD50 (median dose)
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2085–5300 mg/kg (oral in rats, mice)[3] |
| Related compounds | |
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Other anions
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Ammonium nitrite |
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Other cations
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Sodium nitrate Potassium nitrate Hydroxylammonium nitrate |
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Related compounds
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Ammonium perchlorate |
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